Other Bio-Nanomaterials – WOBO Scientific Research New Materials One-Stop Service Platform https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh Fri, 09 May 2025 08:25:30 +0000 zh-Hans hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9 https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/cropped-微信图片_20240923152541-32x32.png Other Bio-Nanomaterials – WOBO Scientific Research New Materials One-Stop Service Platform https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh 32 32 Hollow Prussian Blue Nanoparticles https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/hollow-prussian-blue-nanoparticles https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/hollow-prussian-blue-nanoparticles#respond Fri, 09 May 2025 08:24:16 +0000 https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/?post_type=product&p=5556
Hollow Prussian Blue nanoparticles provide optimized electrochemical performance, superior ion exchange efficiency, and enhanced stability. Designed for biomedical and environmental applications, they ensure effective pollutant adsorption, extended durability, and high adaptability.
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Product Overview

Hollow Prussian Blue Nanoparticles are a unique nanomaterial derived from Prussian Blue (PB), prepared using hydrochloric acid etching to form a hollow mesoporous structure. This distinctive hollow structure provides a large surface area and pore volume, making it ideal as a drug carrier, thus enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Prussian Blue itself has detoxification properties and biocompatibility, and after structural modification, it finds extensive applications in drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and nanocatalytic therapies.

Key Features

  • Good Dispersion: The use of PVP as a raw material ensures that the Prussian Blue nanoparticles exhibit excellent water solubility and dispersion, maintaining stability in various solvents.
  • Excellent Drug Loading Capacity: The hollow mesoporous structure provides a larger surface area and pore volume, allowing efficient loading of drugs and small molecules, which is highly beneficial for biomedical applications.
  • Multiple Nanocatalytic Activities: The nanoparticles possess various enzymatic activities, including peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), enabling them to decompose hydrogen peroxide, scavenge free radicals, and promote tumor treatment while alleviating oxidative stress.
  • Outstanding Photothermal Conversion Efficiency: With the ability to absorb light at 808 nm, these nanoparticles effectively convert light energy into heat, generating heat that aids in tumor ablation and enhancing the activity of the nanocatalysts.

Applications

  • Drug Loading and Targeted Delivery: The unique hollow mesoporous structure allows for efficient drug loading, and surface modifications enable targeted delivery, thereby improving therapeutic effects and minimizing side effects.
  • Photothermal Therapy: Due to their special crystal structure, Prussian Blue nanoparticles absorb near-infrared light and are widely used in tumor photothermal ablation therapy.
  • Nanocatalytic Therapy: With multiple enzymatic activities, the nanoparticles can clear free radicals, alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation, and improve the tumor microenvironment.
  • Biomedical Imaging: These nanoparticles exhibit good magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic imaging (PA) properties. When combined with their hollow structure and surface modifications, they can be used in multimodal biomedical imaging to aid in disease diagnosis.

 

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Poreless Polydopamine Nanoparticles (Powder) https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/poreless-polydopamine-nanoparticles-powder https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/poreless-polydopamine-nanoparticles-powder#respond Fri, 09 May 2025 08:18:26 +0000 https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/?post_type=product&p=5554
Poreless polydopamine nanoparticle powder offers optimized surface functionality, superior stability, and enhanced dispersibility. Designed for biomedical and catalytic applications, it ensures controlled interactions, extended durability, and high adaptability.
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Product Overview

Poreless polydopamine nanoparticles are nanomaterials formed through the self-polymerization of dopamine monomers. These nanoparticles feature functional groups such as amino and phenolic hydroxyl groups, imparting properties such as excellent biocompatibility, photothermal conversion capability, and antioxidant activity. Due to these unique characteristics, poreless polydopamine nanoparticles are widely utilized in biomedicine, drug delivery, and antimicrobial treatments.

Key Features

  • Good Biocompatibility: The nanoparticles are biodegradable, easily enter cells, and demonstrate superior biocompatibility in biomedical applications.
  • Outstanding Photothermal Conversion Efficiency: These nanoparticles strongly absorb light in the near-infrared region and efficiently convert it into heat, making them ideal for photothermal therapy.
  • Powerful Antioxidant Capability: They effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), playing a key role in the treatment of conditions like periodontitis.
  • Efficient Drug Delivery: With their excellent adhesion and biocompatibility, these nanoparticles serve as ideal drug carriers, efficiently encapsulating and delivering therapeutic agents.
  • Antibacterial Properties: When combined with antimicrobial peptides, they can be engineered into stimuli-responsive antibacterial platforms, suitable for use in antimicrobial therapy.

Applications

  • Neuroprotection and Remote Neuron Stimulation: As an organic and biodegradable multifunctional tool, these nanoparticles have significant potential in neuroprotection and remote neuron stimulation.
  • Periodontal Disease Treatment: Leveraging their antioxidant properties, poreless polydopamine nanoparticles show unique advantages in the treatment of periodontal diseases.
  • Cancer Treatment: These nanoparticles can serve as carriers for chemotherapy drugs and immune stimulants, enhancing anti-tumor immune responses and enabling efficient photothermal therapy to rapidly destroy cancer cells.
  • Antimicrobial Therapy: Used in combination with antimicrobial peptides, these nanoparticles form a responsive antibacterial platform, widely applied in the treatment of infections.
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment: By inhibiting the STING pathway, these nanoparticles offer a promising approach for treating rheumatoid arthritis.
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Carboxylated Green Fluorescent Polystyrene Microspheres https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/carboxylated-green-fluorescent-polystyrene-microspheres https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/carboxylated-green-fluorescent-polystyrene-microspheres#respond Fri, 09 May 2025 08:11:08 +0000 https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/?post_type=product&p=5552
Carboxylated green fluorescent polystyrene microspheres provide optimized fluorescence intensity, superior surface functionality, and enhanced biomolecule binding. Designed for biomedical imaging and diagnostic applications, they ensure precise signal detection, extended durability, and high adaptability.
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Product Overview

Carboxylated green fluorescent polystyrene microspheres are synthesized by incorporating green fluorescent dye (with an excitation wavelength of 498–516 nm) and introducing carboxyl groups on the surface. The fluorescent dye is effectively encapsulated within the microsphere, preventing fluorescence quenching and minimizing the effects of environmental factors on fluorescence intensity. These microspheres exhibit uniform particle size distribution, making them ideal for a variety of biomedical and scientific applications.

Key Features

  • Monodispersity: The microspheres have a narrow and uniform particle size distribution, ensuring consistent and reproducible results in experiments.
  • Fluorescent Properties: The encapsulated fluorescent dye ensures stable fluorescence emission that is unaffected by environmental changes, effectively preventing fluorescence quenching.
  • Customizable Particle Size: The microsphere size can be tailored to meet specific requirements based on the synthesis conditions, enabling versatility for different applications.
  • Surface Functionalization: The surface of the microspheres can be functionalized with carboxyl, amino, and other functional groups, enabling specific biochemical interactions for targeted applications.
  • High Stability: These microspheres exhibit excellent chemical and physical stability, making them suitable for use in various environmental conditions and ensuring long-lasting performance.

Applications

  • Biomedical Research: Widely used for cell labeling, imaging, and as carriers for drug delivery systems, these microspheres are essential in cell biology, molecular biology, and biochemistry.
  • High-Throughput Drug Screening: Serve as signal carriers to facilitate the screening of large numbers of compounds and identification of potential drug candidates.
  • Medical Diagnostics: Used in immunoassays and diagnostic tests, the surface functional groups do not interfere with the detection process, ensuring accurate results.
  • Tracer Studies: Act as tracers in studies of phagocytosis, pore size determination, and other biological processes, enabling real-time monitoring of cellular processes.

 

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Carboxyl-Modified Blue Fluorescent Monodisperse Polystyrene Microspheres https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/carboxyl-modified-blue-fluorescent-monodisperse-polystyrene-microspheres https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/carboxyl-modified-blue-fluorescent-monodisperse-polystyrene-microspheres#respond Fri, 09 May 2025 08:08:48 +0000 https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/?post_type=product&p=5550
Carboxyl-modified blue fluorescent monodisperse polystyrene microspheres provide optimized fluorescence intensity, superior surface reactivity, and enhanced biomolecule binding. Designed for biomedical imaging and diagnostic applications, they ensure effective signal detection, extended durability, and high adaptability.
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Product Overview

Carboxyl-modified blue fluorescent monodisperse polystyrene microspheres are prepared by adding a blue fluorescent dye with an excitation wavelength of 350 nm and an emission wavelength of 420 nm during the synthesis of polystyrene microspheres, followed by carboxyl group modification. These microspheres have uniform particle size distribution, and the encapsulated fluorescent dye is effectively protected, preventing fluorescence quenching and reducing the impact of environmental factors on fluorescence intensity. The particle size can be customized based on application requirements, making these microspheres suitable for various experimental and application scenarios.

Key Features

  • Monodispersity: The microspheres exhibit a uniform particle size distribution, ensuring consistency and repeatability in experimental results.
  • Fluorescence Properties: The microspheres contain a high fluorescence dye, which is effectively encapsulated inside the microsphere to prevent fluorescence quenching. The fluorescence emission is stable and unaffected by changes in the external medium.
  • Adjustable Particle Size: The particle size can be controlled during synthesis, allowing for the production of microspheres with different sizes to meet diverse application needs.
  • High Stability: The microspheres demonstrate excellent chemical and physical stability, making them suitable for use in various experimental environments and conditions.

Applications

  • Biomedical Research: These microspheres are ideal for cell labeling, imaging, and as carriers for drug delivery systems. They are widely used in cell biology, molecular biology, and biochemical research.
  • High-Throughput Drug Screening: As signal carriers, these microspheres aid in rapidly screening large numbers of compounds to identify potential drug candidates.
  • Medical Diagnostics: These microspheres are useful in immunoassays, detection, and other diagnostic applications. The surface can retain its original functional groups, ensuring no interference with experimental results.
  • Tracer Studies: Suitable for tracer studies such as phagocytosis, pore size measurements, and other biological research, monitoring cellular uptake processes.
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Carboxylated Red Fluorescent Polystyrene Microspheres https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/carboxylated-red-fluorescent-polystyrene-microspheres https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/carboxylated-red-fluorescent-polystyrene-microspheres#respond Fri, 09 May 2025 08:07:15 +0000 https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/?post_type=product&p=5548
Carboxylated red fluorescent polystyrene microspheres provide optimized fluorescence intensity, superior surface reactivity, and enhanced biomolecule binding. Designed for biomedical imaging and diagnostic applications, they ensure effective signal detection, extended durability, and high adaptability.
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Product Overview

Carboxylated red fluorescent polystyrene microspheres are synthesized by incorporating red fluorescent dye (with an excitation wavelength around 532 nm and an emission wavelength around 612 nm) and introducing carboxyl groups onto the surface. The fluorescent dye is effectively encapsulated within the microsphere, preventing fluorescence quenching and reducing the impact of environmental factors on fluorescence intensity. These microspheres exhibit uniform particle size distribution, making them ideal for various biomedical and scientific applications.

Key Features

  • Monodispersity: The microspheres have a uniform particle size distribution, ensuring consistent and reproducible experimental results.
  • Fluorescent Properties: The encapsulated high-fluorescent dye ensures stable fluorescence emission that is not affected by environmental changes, effectively preventing fluorescence quenching.
  • Customizable Particle Size: The particle size can be adjusted according to the application requirements, allowing flexibility for different uses.
  • Surface Functionalization: The surface of the microspheres can be functionalized with carboxyl, amino, and other functional groups to enable specific biochemical functionalities.
  • High Stability: The microspheres demonstrate excellent chemical and physical stability, allowing them to perform consistently under various environmental conditions.

Applications

  • Biomedical Research: Widely used in cell labeling, imaging, and drug delivery systems, with applications in cell biology, molecular biology, and biochemistry.
  • High-Throughput Drug Screening: These microspheres serve as signal carriers, helping to screen large numbers of compounds and identify potential drug candidates.
  • Medical Diagnostics: Suitable for immunoassays and diagnostic tests, with surface functional groups that do not interfere with the detection process.
  • Tracer Studies: Fluorescent microspheres can act as tracers in studies of phagocytosis, pore size determination, and other biological processes, enabling real-time monitoring of cellular activities.

 

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Carboxylated Hollow Prussian Blue Nanoparticles https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/carboxylated-hollow-prussian-blue-nanoparticles https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/carboxylated-hollow-prussian-blue-nanoparticles#respond Fri, 09 May 2025 08:05:18 +0000 https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/?post_type=product&p=5547
Carboxylated hollow Prussian Blue nanoparticles provide optimized surface functionality, superior ion exchange efficiency, and enhanced electrochemical stability. Designed for biomedical and environmental applications, they ensure precise pollutant adsorption, extended durability, and high adaptability.
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Product Overview

Carboxylated Hollow Prussian Blue Nanoparticles are hollow Prussian Blue nanomaterials modified with carboxyl groups, offering unique structure and multifunctionality. Prussian Blue itself possesses detoxification properties, making it effective in treating metal poisoning. After carboxylation, these nanoparticles not only function as drug carriers but also exhibit photothermal conversion and enzymatic activities. Their excellent biocompatibility and diverse range of applications make them a promising material in biomedical fields.

Key Features

  • Good Dispersion: Thanks to the amphiphilic nature of PVP, carboxylated Prussian Blue nanoparticles are well-dispersed in water, ensuring stability across various solutions.
  • Excellent Drug Loading Capacity: The hollow structure provides a large surface area and pore volume, enabling efficient loading of drugs, genes, and other small molecules, making it ideal for drug delivery and targeted therapy.
  • Multiple Nanocatalytic Activities: These nanoparticles possess peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities, enabling them to decompose hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), scavenge free radicals, alleviate inflammation, and enhance tumor treatment.
  • Outstanding Photothermal Conversion Efficiency: They exhibit strong light absorption around 808 nm, allowing them to convert light energy into heat for tumor photothermal therapy, while also enhancing the catalytic activity of nanocatalysts.

Applications

  • Drug Loading and Targeted Delivery: The unique hollow structure allows for high drug loading efficiency and, through surface modification, enables targeted delivery, thus improving therapeutic outcomes while minimizing side effects.
  • Photothermal Therapy: The nanoparticles’ light absorption properties make them ideal for photothermal therapy, effectively used for tumor ablation and localized heating treatments.
  • Nanocatalytic Therapy: With various enzyme activities like POD, SOD, and CAT, these nanoparticles effectively neutralize free radicals, reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, and improve the tumor microenvironment.
  • Biomedical Imaging: Carboxylated Prussian Blue nanoparticles are suitable for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic imaging (PA), and their surface modification and hollow structure further enhance their use in fluorescence and ultrasound imaging, offering powerful tools for disease diagnosis and monitoring.
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Carboxylated Liposomal Nanoparticles https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/carboxylated-liposomal-nanoparticles https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/carboxylated-liposomal-nanoparticles#respond Fri, 09 May 2025 08:03:43 +0000 https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/?post_type=product&p=5545
Carboxylated liposomal nanoparticles provide optimized surface functionality, superior drug-loading efficiency, and enhanced bioavailability. Designed for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, they ensure targeted delivery, extended stability, and high adaptability.
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Product Overview

Carboxylated liposomal nanoparticles are self-assembled vesicles formed from lipid molecules, creating a bilayer structure. These nanoparticles are chemically modified to incorporate carboxyl groups, enhancing their functionality. Widely used in drug delivery, bioimaging, gene therapy, cosmetics, and skincare, carboxylated liposomal nanoparticles offer superior drug encapsulation efficiency and targeted delivery. They represent a highly efficient nanocarrier system for various therapeutic applications.

Key Features

  • Enhanced Drug Stability: The carboxylation modification improves the encapsulation efficiency, preventing drug leakage or degradation.
  • Improved Targeting: Can be conjugated with antibodies, peptides, and other targeting molecules to form a targeted drug delivery system.
  • Enhanced Solubility: Carboxyl modification increases the solubility of drugs within the liposomal nanoparticles, allowing for encapsulation of a broader range of drugs.
  • Excellent Biocompatibility: Liposomal nanoparticles inherently exhibit good biocompatibility, and the carboxyl group further enhances their safety and bioavailability.

Applications

  • Drug Delivery: Serves as a drug carrier, delivering therapeutic agents precisely to the targeted site, improving treatment efficacy, and reducing side effects.
  • Bioimaging: Liposomal nanoparticles can be engineered with fluorescent or magnetic properties to create high-sensitivity bioimaging probes for cellular, tissue, and tumor imaging.
  • Gene Therapy: Acts as a gene vector, safely and efficiently introducing exogenous genes into cells for use in gene therapy.

 

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Carboxylated Magnetic Beads https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/carboxylated-magnetic-beads https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/carboxylated-magnetic-beads#respond Fri, 09 May 2025 08:02:23 +0000 https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/?post_type=product&p=5543
Carboxylated magnetic beads provide optimized surface functionality, superior biomolecule binding, and enhanced magnetic separation efficiency. Designed for biomedical and analytical applications, they ensure precise target capture, extended durability, and high adaptability.
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Product Overview

Carboxylated Magnetic Beads are magnetic microspheres functionalized with abundant carboxyl groups on their surface. These functional groups enable the beads to covalently couple with a wide variety of biomolecules such as peptides, proteins, antibodies, and oligonucleotides. These beads are extensively used in biomedical, molecular biology, and bioanalysis applications due to their high reactivity and versatility.

Key Features

  • High Surface Area: With their nano or micron-scale particle size, carboxylated magnetic beads offer a large surface area, providing more active sites for biomolecule immobilization and catalytic reactions.
  • Surface Carboxyl Functional Groups: Rich in carboxyl groups, these beads allow for covalent bonding with biomolecules through chemical cross-linkers, enhancing their functionality in biomedical applications.
  • Good Biocompatibility: Made from biocompatible materials, these beads minimize immune responses and toxicity, making them suitable for both in vitro and in vivo applications.

Applications

  • Immunochromatographic Detection: The beads can be surface-modified with antibodies to construct immunochromatographic strips for rapid, sensitive biological detection.
  • Biomolecule Immobilization: These beads act as carriers for immobilizing enzymes and other biomolecules, ideal for biochemical reactions and separation processes.
  • Drug Delivery: Used as drug carriers, carboxylated magnetic beads can be surface-modified for targeted drug delivery, widely applied in targeted therapies.
  • Magnetic Analytical Systems: Combining immunochromatographic technology with magnetic analysis systems, these beads are useful for quantitative rapid detection, such as for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), cardiac troponin, and HIV virus detection.

 

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Carboxylated Magnetic Microspheres (Low Nonspecific Binding) https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/carboxylated-magnetic-microspheres-low-nonspecific-binding https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/carboxylated-magnetic-microspheres-low-nonspecific-binding#respond Fri, 09 May 2025 08:01:09 +0000 https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/?post_type=product&p=5542
Carboxylated magnetic microspheres (low nonspecific binding) provide optimized surface functionality, superior biomolecule selectivity, and enhanced magnetic responsiveness. Designed for biomedical and diagnostic applications, they ensure precise molecular interactions, extended durability, and high adaptability.
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Product Overview

Carboxylated Magnetic Microspheres (Low Nonspecific Binding) are functionalized magnetic particles with a core-shell structure. The core is composed of polystyrene (PS), while the outer shell is made of magnetite (Fe₃O₄), and the surface is modified with polymeric carboxyl groups. The special chemical treatment minimizes nonspecific adsorption, ensuring high specificity for biomolecular interactions. These microspheres are designed for high-precision biomedical applications, such as cell sorting, affinity chromatography, and immunoassays, where reduced nonspecific binding is essential.

Key Features

  • Low Nonspecific Binding: Surface modification with carboxyl groups significantly reduces nonspecific adsorption, ensuring high specificity for biomolecular binding, making them ideal for precise biomedical experiments.
  • High Carboxyl Group Density: The surface is rich in carboxyl functional groups, allowing for efficient covalent bonding with biomolecules like peptides, proteins, antibodies, and oligonucleotides.
  • Superparamagnetism: The microspheres exhibit superparamagnetism, enabling rapid separation under an external magnetic field, making them convenient for laboratory operations.
  • Monodispersity and Stability: The microspheres maintain excellent monodispersity and stability in aqueous solutions, ensuring reproducibility and consistency in experimental results.

Applications

  • Biomolecule Separation and Purification: Ideal for affinity chromatography and separation of proteins, nucleic acids, cells, and other biomolecules.
  • Immunoprecipitation and Co-immunoprecipitation: Useful for studying protein-protein interactions in research applications.
  • Cell Sorting: Magnetic separation based on cell surface markers for cell enrichment and isolation.
  • Drug Delivery: Used as components in targeted drug delivery systems, enhancing drug targeting and therapeutic efficiency.
  • Biological Detection: Employed in sensors and diagnostic assays for capturing target molecules, enhancing detection sensitivity.

 

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Carboxylated Magnetic Microspheres https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/carboxylated-magnetic-microspheres https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/zh/product/carboxylated-magnetic-microspheres#respond Fri, 09 May 2025 07:59:40 +0000 https://www.hi-tech-materials.com/?post_type=product&p=5540
Carboxylated magnetic microspheres provide optimized surface functionality, superior binding efficiency, and enhanced magnetic responsiveness. Designed for biomedical and analytical applications, they ensure effective molecular interaction, extended durability, and high adaptability.
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Product Overview

Carboxylated Magnetic Microspheres are functionalized magnetic microspheres with a surface rich in carboxyl groups. Typically made from superparamagnetic materials like Fe₃O₄ combined with polymeric materials, these microspheres are well-suited for various biomedical applications. Their surface modification with carboxyl groups allows for efficient covalent bonding with a wide range of biomolecules, enhancing their functionality in molecular immobilization, immunochromatography, cell separation, and purification.

Key Features

  • Superparamagnetism: Made with superparamagnetic materials such as Fe₃O₄, these microspheres exhibit excellent magnetic properties. They are easily magnetized under an external magnetic field and lose their magnetism once the field is removed, making them easy to handle and separate.
  • High Surface Area: The nano- or micro-scale particle size provides a large surface area, ideal for immobilizing biomolecules and catalyzing reactions.
  • Carboxyl Functional Groups: The surface is rich in carboxyl groups, enabling efficient covalent attachment of biomolecules such as antibodies, proteins, and enzymes, enhancing their functionality in biomedical applications.
  • Good Biocompatibility: These microspheres are made from biocompatible materials, minimizing immune reactions and toxicity, making them suitable for a variety of in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications.
  • Suspension Stability: They exhibit good stability in suspension, ensuring reliable performance under various experimental conditions.

Applications

  • Immunochromatographic Detection: After antibody modification, these microspheres can be used in the construction of immunochromatographic strips, enabling rapid and sensitive biomolecular detection.
  • Biomolecule Immobilization: Serve as a carrier for immobilizing enzymes and other biomolecules, widely used in biochemical reactions and separation processes.
  • Cell Separation and Purification: Exploiting their superparamagnetism, these microspheres allow for quick cell separation under an external magnetic field, ideal for cell sorting and purification.
  • Drug Delivery: Can be used as part of a targeted drug delivery system, facilitating the transport of drugs to specific cells or tissues.
  • Magnetic Analytical Systems: In combination with immunochromatography and magnetic analysis techniques, they enable quantitative and rapid detection of biomarkers like human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), cardiac troponin, and HIV virus.
  • Biomedical Applications: These microspheres are excellent for high-specificity binding and separation in research fields like cell sorting and protein interaction studies.
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